Free diagnosis and multi-drug treatment available at government health facilities are central to India’s continuing efforts to remain leprosy-free, the government said on National Leprosy Day, observed annually on January 30. The day coincides with the death anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi and is marked to honour his work with people affected by the disease and to raise awareness about early treatment and dignity in care.
The Health Ministry stated that under the National Leprosy Eradication Programme (NLEP), services including diagnosis, treatment and care are being provided free of cost across the country. The programme’s approach combines medical treatment with measures aimed at reducing stigma and discrimination, which continue to affect those diagnosed with the disease.
Leprosy, also known as Hansen’s disease, is a chronic infectious disease caused mainly by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae. It primarily affects the skin, peripheral nerves, mucosa of the upper respiratory tract and the eyes. If not treated in time, the disease can lead to progressive and permanent disabilities. However, it is curable, and early diagnosis followed by appropriate treatment can prevent deformities. Transmission occurs through droplets from the nose and mouth during close and frequent contact with untreated individuals.
India achieved the elimination of leprosy as a public health problem at the national level in December 2005, defined as a prevalence rate of less than one case per 10,000 population. As of March 2025, 31 States and Union Territories and 638 districts have reached this threshold, with a national prevalence rate of 0.57 per 10,000 population.
The current goal of the NLEP is to achieve “Zero Transmission, Zero Leprosy” by 2027. The strategy focuses on early detection of cases, free provision of multi-drug therapy (MDT) and efforts to address stigma associated with the disease. MDT, which is provided free at all government health facilities, is the standard treatment recommended to cure leprosy and stop transmission.
Beyond medicines, the programme includes support services such as microcellular rubber footwear for patients, assistive devices, self-care kits for those with ulcers and reconstructive surgery for individuals with Grade 2 deformities. A welfare allowance of ₹12,000 is also available in connection with reconstructive procedures. These measures are aimed at reducing disability and improving quality of life for affected persons.
Leprosy is classified globally as a neglected tropical disease and is reported in more than 120 countries, with around two lakh new cases recorded worldwide each year. In India, continued surveillance, awareness campaigns and free treatment are seen as key tools in preventing resurgence.
By linking free medical care with social support and stigma reduction, the government’s programme seeks not only to control the disease medically but also to address the social challenges faced by patients. The observance of National Leprosy Day serves as a reminder of the importance of early treatment, community awareness and ensuring dignity for those affected.
